第一步：准备工作#

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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install git zip curl -y

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https://api.telegram.org/bot<你的BotToken>/getUpdates

第二步：创建备份脚本#

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vim /root/nezha_backup.sh

===== cron 环境修正 =====#

export SHELL=/bin/bash export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin export HOME=/root export LANG=C.UTF-8

绝对路径命令#

GIT=$(command -v git) CURL=$(command -v curl) FIND=$(command -v find) TAR=$(command -v tar)

send_telegram() { local msg=“$1"$CURL -s -X POST “https://api.telegram.org/bot${BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage”
-d “chat_id=${CHAT_ID}" \ -d "parse_mode=Markdown" \ -d "text=${msg}” >/dev/null || true }

echo “[INFO] 初始化仓库…” if [ ! -d “$WORKDIR/.git" ]; then rm -rf "$WORKDIR” mkdir -p “$WORKDIR"$GIT clone “https://${GITHUB_USER}:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_USER}/${GITHUB_REPO}.git” “$WORKDIR" || { send_telegram "⚠️ *Nezha 备份失败*：无法克隆仓库" exit 1 } cd "$WORKDIR” || exit 1 $GIT config user.name "$GITHUB_USER” $GIT config user.email "${GITHUB_USER}@users.noreply.github.com” $GIT config --global --add safe.directory "$WORKDIR” || true

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# 检查仓库是否为空（忽略 .git 目录）
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if [ -z "$($FIND "$WORKDIR" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -not -name '.git' -print -quit)" ]; then
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    echo "# Nezha Backup Repo" > README.md
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    $GIT add README.md
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    $GIT commit -m "init repo"
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    $GIT branch -M main
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    $GIT push -u origin main
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    echo "[INFO] 已完成 GitHub 仓库初始化"
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fi

else cd “$WORKDIR" || exit 1$GIT config —global —add safe.directory “$WORKDIR" || true$GIT pull origin main >/dev/null 2>&1 || true fi

先确保备份目录存在#

if [ ! -d “$BACKUP_DIR" ]; then send_telegram "⚠️ *Nezha 备份失败*：备份目录不存在：$BACKUP_DIR” exit 1 fi

echo “[INFO] 打包 $BACKUP_DIR..." ERRFILE="/tmp/nezha-tar-$DATE.err”

直接输出到 WORKDIR，避免 /tmp->mv#

set +e $TAR --warning=no-file-changed -czf "$WORKDIR/$TARFILE" -C "$BACKUP_DIR” . 2>”$ERRFILE" tar_ec=$? set -e

if [ $tar_ec -ne 0 ]; then if [$tar_ec -eq 1 ]; then # 1 多为非致命警告（例如文件在读时被改动），忽略并继续 echo “[WARN] tar 返回 1（警告），继续。最后几行：” tail -n 5 “ERRFILE" || true else # >=2 视为失败 tailmsg=(tail -n 10 “$ERRFILE" 2>/dev/null || true) send_telegram "⚠️ *Nezha 备份失败*：打包错误（exit$tar_ec） $tailmsg” exit 1 fi fi

$GIT add .

删除超过 KEEP_DAYS 的旧备份#

echo “[INFO] 删除超过 $KEEP_DAYS 天的旧备份..."$FIND “$WORKDIR" -name "nezha-backup-*.tar.gz" -type f -mtime +$KEEP_DAYS -exec $GIT rm -f {} ; >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

提交并推送（只有变更时才提交）#

if $GIT diff --cached --quiet; then echo "[INFO] 没有新的备份文件需要提交" else$GIT commit -m “Backup on $DATE"$GIT push origin main || { send_telegram “⚠️ Nezha 备份失败：推送错误” exit 1 } send_telegram ”🎉 Nezha 备份成功！ 已保存：$DATE，已自动清理超过${KEEP_DAYS} 天的旧备份” echo “[INFO] 备份成功” fi

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---
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## 第三步：设置权限
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```bash
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chmod +x /root/nezha_backup.sh

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crontab -e

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0 3 * * * env -i HOME=/root /bin/bash /root/nezha_backup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

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bash /root/nezha_backup.sh

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env -i /bin/bash -c 'HOME=/root /bin/bash /root/nezha_backup.sh'